The construction process involves building or assembling structures, such as buildings, bridges, roads and other infrastructure, for people to utilise on an everyday basis. The construction process involves a wide range of complex activities, mainly revolving around the following key phases:
- design & planning
- site preparation
- material & resources procurement
- building & construction works.
The Simplified Process
The design and planning phase involves the production of initial design drafts which then progresses to the detailed and finalised plans, drawings and design documentation for the whole project.
In order to plan and design correctly, the site must be prepared for initial site survey and set out. Site preparation involves clearing the land, grading and preparing the foundation. The site is then surveyed and the information reviewed and updated by architect, engineers, builder and clients to finalise design. Final approvals and permits must be in place prior to commencing any building works on site.
Materials procurement is the next step, which includes purchasing or leasing the materials needed for construction, such as timber, concrete, steel and other building materials required including fixtures and fittings. Materials ordered are generally sequenced in accordance with the work scheduled onsite and the overall site progress.
Site works begin with excavation (if required) as well as the foundation work, then proceeds through the various building stages of the project including framing, electrical, plumbing and finishing works.
Construction Project Categories
Construction projects are split up into 4 main categories:
- residential,
- commercial,
- industrial and
- infrastructure.
The construction industry is a large and diverse field that employs a wide range of professionals including architects, engineers, construction managers as well as various skilled tradespeople such as carpenters, electricians and plumbers. The industry is constantly evolving and new technologies and materials are being developed to make construction more efficient, sustainable and cost-effective.
Each type of project requires a different set of skills and expertise, hence it is important for construction companies to specialise in one or more specific types of projects categories.
The construction industry is an important sector for many countries as it creates jobs and also helps in the development of infrastructure, buildings and other facilities that are necessary for a society to function.